Chapter 17
Chapter 17
From 1750 to 1900, Europe began moving towards the Industrial Revolution which was influenced by the Scientific Revolution. This led to rapid production generating wealth and power that allowed Europe to dominate globally for some time.
Explaining the Industrial Revolution
A growing human population and the need for energy resulted in the Industrial Revolution. More energy, rapid production of goods and new innovations took a toll on the environment as waste was being dumped into rivers and the air was polluted. New innovations began at the textile industry then moved to iron and steel production. Later on, more advancements were made in chemicals, electricity and machinery. The Industrial Revolution occurred in Europe because they were motivated by the need for revenue so governments actively granted charters and monopolies to encourage commerce and innovation. Contact with different people fostered change and advancements. Europe was also able to draw resources for their colonies. The Industrial Revolution specifically began in Britain because there were a lot of available workers and they made it easy to create a company. Britain applied science to experiments and commercial applications which fostered advancements.
The first Industrial Society
Increase in production forced workers to leave the agriculture industry and move to the manufacturing and mining industry which was generating more wealth. Aristocrats declined in wealth as businessmen and manufacturers became rich from the Industrial Revolution. The middle class containing factory owners, lawyers and scientists benefitted the most. Women in middle class families were expected to take care of the home and teach good values to their children. The laboring class which was made up of workers in mines and factories suffered the most as they had to move to overcrowded cities with poor sanitation and diseases. They had to work long hours for low wages and women usually occupied the less skilled jobs while males took the skilled positions. Workers protested by destroying machinery or taking part in strikes to get better working conditions. As standards of living were improved and there was a growing sense of nationalism, working class radicalism was eroded. A growing population and rising poverty led people to migrate to the Americas, Australia and New Zealand where there were many demands for labor.
Industrialization in the United States and Russia
The United States had many resources, political stability and foreign investments which all contributed to the Industrial Revolution. Tax breaks, few regulations, and the ease of creating companies led to the rise of huge business enterprises. The U.S also created techniques for mass production. However, there was a huge wealth gap between the classes which led to protests and the formation of unions. There was no political party that represented the workers and socialist ideas didn't resonate with Americans as the population was diverse. Russia’s Industrial Revolution was directed by the state instead of companies and was focused on railroads and heavy industry. Enterprises were located in a few cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg so many people moved to those areas. Conditions were so terrible that after Russia was defeated by the Japanese, protest and uprisings erupted and people formed their own political parties. Although the revolution was put down, the government made reforms like granting a constitution and legalizing unions. However, people were still dissatisfied by the lack of representation so during WWI, there was another revolution that put a radical socialist group to power.
Latin America
After the independence, of Latin American countries, conditions were still in turmoil like loss of investments, competing political parties and closure of farms and mines. White men still held ranches and plantations while mixed race people held jobs like teachers and artisans and the majority remained poor and worked in small farms or mines. As they became more stable, Latin America began supplying the rest of the world with food and raw materials. They believed that becoming more European wold help their economy grow. Their cities became more urbanized and they recruited poor Europeans who needed work. The upper class and middle class benefited the most while the lower class suffered from the increase in exports. The increase in exports did not create an Industrial Revolution as there was a large number of people in the lower class.
From 1750 to 1900, Europe began moving towards the Industrial Revolution which was influenced by the Scientific Revolution. This led to rapid production generating wealth and power that allowed Europe to dominate globally for some time.
Explaining the Industrial Revolution
A growing human population and the need for energy resulted in the Industrial Revolution. More energy, rapid production of goods and new innovations took a toll on the environment as waste was being dumped into rivers and the air was polluted. New innovations began at the textile industry then moved to iron and steel production. Later on, more advancements were made in chemicals, electricity and machinery. The Industrial Revolution occurred in Europe because they were motivated by the need for revenue so governments actively granted charters and monopolies to encourage commerce and innovation. Contact with different people fostered change and advancements. Europe was also able to draw resources for their colonies. The Industrial Revolution specifically began in Britain because there were a lot of available workers and they made it easy to create a company. Britain applied science to experiments and commercial applications which fostered advancements.
The first Industrial Society
Increase in production forced workers to leave the agriculture industry and move to the manufacturing and mining industry which was generating more wealth. Aristocrats declined in wealth as businessmen and manufacturers became rich from the Industrial Revolution. The middle class containing factory owners, lawyers and scientists benefitted the most. Women in middle class families were expected to take care of the home and teach good values to their children. The laboring class which was made up of workers in mines and factories suffered the most as they had to move to overcrowded cities with poor sanitation and diseases. They had to work long hours for low wages and women usually occupied the less skilled jobs while males took the skilled positions. Workers protested by destroying machinery or taking part in strikes to get better working conditions. As standards of living were improved and there was a growing sense of nationalism, working class radicalism was eroded. A growing population and rising poverty led people to migrate to the Americas, Australia and New Zealand where there were many demands for labor.
Industrialization in the United States and Russia
The United States had many resources, political stability and foreign investments which all contributed to the Industrial Revolution. Tax breaks, few regulations, and the ease of creating companies led to the rise of huge business enterprises. The U.S also created techniques for mass production. However, there was a huge wealth gap between the classes which led to protests and the formation of unions. There was no political party that represented the workers and socialist ideas didn't resonate with Americans as the population was diverse. Russia’s Industrial Revolution was directed by the state instead of companies and was focused on railroads and heavy industry. Enterprises were located in a few cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg so many people moved to those areas. Conditions were so terrible that after Russia was defeated by the Japanese, protest and uprisings erupted and people formed their own political parties. Although the revolution was put down, the government made reforms like granting a constitution and legalizing unions. However, people were still dissatisfied by the lack of representation so during WWI, there was another revolution that put a radical socialist group to power.
Latin America
After the independence, of Latin American countries, conditions were still in turmoil like loss of investments, competing political parties and closure of farms and mines. White men still held ranches and plantations while mixed race people held jobs like teachers and artisans and the majority remained poor and worked in small farms or mines. As they became more stable, Latin America began supplying the rest of the world with food and raw materials. They believed that becoming more European wold help their economy grow. Their cities became more urbanized and they recruited poor Europeans who needed work. The upper class and middle class benefited the most while the lower class suffered from the increase in exports. The increase in exports did not create an Industrial Revolution as there was a large number of people in the lower class.
Comments
Post a Comment