Intro to Part Six and Chapter 20
Chapter 20
World War I was essentially a civil war between Europe and resulted in the Great Depression, the rise of Nazi Germany and World War II. After the war, Europe was able to come together to form a union and the new superpower of the West was the United States.
European Civilization in Crisis
When the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, two alliances came clashing towards one another. Other factors that came into play was a growing sense of nationalism and the fact that European states wanted to test out their war plans and weapons. Europe drew in the rest of the world through its colonial connections. Troops and resources were taken from colonies and battles were sometimes fought abroad. The war dragged on for much longer than anyone expected resulting in high casualties. The Treaty of Versailles put an enormous burden on Germany which would eventually lead to another war. Many new states were formed but it also marked the end for the Ottoman Empire. The Armenian genocide was another casualty of the war as the Ottomans suspected Armenians of helping the enemy. The United States proposed the League of Nations to keep another war from breaking out.
The Great Depression
The Great Depression resulted in bank closures, drop in world trade and a huge rise in unemployment. During the war, America was producing more goods than it could sell. Colonies were hard hit as their goods weren't need as much causing the value of their exports to decrease. In Latin America, military takeovers occurred to free themselves of foreign interests. The United States relied on the New Deal to get them out of depression. People were given jobs to work in public projects, Social Security was created and welfare programs were formed to help the poor. However, the New Deal didn't work and it was the second war that got them out of the disaster.
Comparing Italy, Germany and Japan
Racism arises out of Italy as they believed that they didn't get what they deserved in the war. Mussolini came into power with the help of the unemployed and unhappy veterans. He ended democracy and ended labor unions. He believed that empire expansion would help Italy's society recover. Germany was also led by a charismatic dictator and encouraged nationalism. Hitler’s party rose to power as people were dissatisfied with the leadership of the Weimar regime. People supported his party because he promised to help Germany rise. Hitler brought the state under his control by taking out his opponents and taking over the press and radio. He made policies to restrict Jews and limit women to their homes. The depression had a huge impact on Japan as their exports fell leading many to question democracy and capitalism. This led to the formation organizations that assassinated government officials to return leadership back to the emperor. Although this failed, over time, more and more military figures had more influence in the government allowing them to censor certain news.
A Second World War
The war was triggered when Japan left the League of Nations and attacked China. Japan went on to take over Europe’s colonies to take their resources. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor forced the United States to enter the war and resulted in the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As the European powers ignored Germany, Hitler went on to take Poland and France. The Germans used large scale movements of infantry, taken and air power to take over much of Europe with the help of Italy. As the Soviets began to push back, the United States joined the war against Germany. The second war had a lot more casualties than the first and involved the rape of many women by troops. During the war, the Holocaust sought to eradicate Jews, the handicapped and homosexuals from Germany. Communism came out of Russia and China. The United Nations was formed to do a better job of keeping the peace in the world.
The Recovery of Europe
The United States helped Europe recover through the Marshall Plan. They gave billions of dollars to Europe to help them rebuild their infrastructure and to get them to cooperate with one another. NATO was formed to protect Europe against the Soviets if necessary.
World War I was essentially a civil war between Europe and resulted in the Great Depression, the rise of Nazi Germany and World War II. After the war, Europe was able to come together to form a union and the new superpower of the West was the United States.
European Civilization in Crisis
When the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, two alliances came clashing towards one another. Other factors that came into play was a growing sense of nationalism and the fact that European states wanted to test out their war plans and weapons. Europe drew in the rest of the world through its colonial connections. Troops and resources were taken from colonies and battles were sometimes fought abroad. The war dragged on for much longer than anyone expected resulting in high casualties. The Treaty of Versailles put an enormous burden on Germany which would eventually lead to another war. Many new states were formed but it also marked the end for the Ottoman Empire. The Armenian genocide was another casualty of the war as the Ottomans suspected Armenians of helping the enemy. The United States proposed the League of Nations to keep another war from breaking out.
The Great Depression
The Great Depression resulted in bank closures, drop in world trade and a huge rise in unemployment. During the war, America was producing more goods than it could sell. Colonies were hard hit as their goods weren't need as much causing the value of their exports to decrease. In Latin America, military takeovers occurred to free themselves of foreign interests. The United States relied on the New Deal to get them out of depression. People were given jobs to work in public projects, Social Security was created and welfare programs were formed to help the poor. However, the New Deal didn't work and it was the second war that got them out of the disaster.
Comparing Italy, Germany and Japan
Racism arises out of Italy as they believed that they didn't get what they deserved in the war. Mussolini came into power with the help of the unemployed and unhappy veterans. He ended democracy and ended labor unions. He believed that empire expansion would help Italy's society recover. Germany was also led by a charismatic dictator and encouraged nationalism. Hitler’s party rose to power as people were dissatisfied with the leadership of the Weimar regime. People supported his party because he promised to help Germany rise. Hitler brought the state under his control by taking out his opponents and taking over the press and radio. He made policies to restrict Jews and limit women to their homes. The depression had a huge impact on Japan as their exports fell leading many to question democracy and capitalism. This led to the formation organizations that assassinated government officials to return leadership back to the emperor. Although this failed, over time, more and more military figures had more influence in the government allowing them to censor certain news.
A Second World War
The war was triggered when Japan left the League of Nations and attacked China. Japan went on to take over Europe’s colonies to take their resources. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor forced the United States to enter the war and resulted in the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. As the European powers ignored Germany, Hitler went on to take Poland and France. The Germans used large scale movements of infantry, taken and air power to take over much of Europe with the help of Italy. As the Soviets began to push back, the United States joined the war against Germany. The second war had a lot more casualties than the first and involved the rape of many women by troops. During the war, the Holocaust sought to eradicate Jews, the handicapped and homosexuals from Germany. Communism came out of Russia and China. The United Nations was formed to do a better job of keeping the peace in the world.
The Recovery of Europe
The United States helped Europe recover through the Marshall Plan. They gave billions of dollars to Europe to help them rebuild their infrastructure and to get them to cooperate with one another. NATO was formed to protect Europe against the Soviets if necessary.
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